All Hallow's eve
Today is All Hallow's Eve (the day before All Saints Day) usually shortened to Halloween.
Having just arrived home after two weeks on a cruise, I have not had time to check the UK shops but I have no doubt that the items themed for ghosts, witches, monsters and horror will already have started to be replaced in the shops with material themed for Christmas
I was told as a child that this time of the year was originally a great Pagan festival which was co-opted by the early Christian church.
In medieval times there was an important three-day festival called "Allhallowtide" in the Christian calendar. It would be all too easy to conclude that the only thing from either the pagan festivals which were once held at this time of year or the Christian festivals which co-opted and replaced them which retains any significant impact on the popular consciousness are the name "Halloween" for the first day of that festival and a humorous "celebration" of ghosts, witches and demons which are essentially a parody of the way medieval Christian propagandists depicted the previous pagan festival.
However, when you start looking into the historical evidence it rapidly becomes clear that things are a bit more complicated.
Judeo-Christian traditions commemorating the dead co-opted older rituals which go back thousands of years, pre-dating the life of Jesus and going back to the Old Testament (See 2 Maccabees 12:42–46.)
Having just arrived home after two weeks on a cruise, I have not had time to check the UK shops but I have no doubt that the items themed for ghosts, witches, monsters and horror will already have started to be replaced in the shops with material themed for Christmas
I was told as a child that this time of the year was originally a great Pagan festival which was co-opted by the early Christian church.
In medieval times there was an important three-day festival called "Allhallowtide" in the Christian calendar. It would be all too easy to conclude that the only thing from either the pagan festivals which were once held at this time of year or the Christian festivals which co-opted and replaced them which retains any significant impact on the popular consciousness are the name "Halloween" for the first day of that festival and a humorous "celebration" of ghosts, witches and demons which are essentially a parody of the way medieval Christian propagandists depicted the previous pagan festival.
However, when you start looking into the historical evidence it rapidly becomes clear that things are a bit more complicated.
Judeo-Christian traditions commemorating the dead co-opted older rituals which go back thousands of years, pre-dating the life of Jesus and going back to the Old Testament (See 2 Maccabees 12:42–46.)
Different Christian traditions commemorate the dead in different ways and on different dates although all of them do something to commemorate the departed and most of them have such a commemoration about this time of year.
In terms of pagan rites, there was indeed an ancient Celtic festival marking the Autumn equinox, on 1st November, known as Samhain.
To strict Catholics, who do not believe that most of those who eventually get to Heaven can go straight there, having to go through a process called "Purgatory" first, Halloween was a vigil before the main feasts of All Saints' Day on 1st November, when the saints in heaven are commemorated, and All Souls' Day, usually on 2nd November (in some countries and traditions it is put back a day to Monday 3rd November on years like the current one, 2025, when the second day in November is a Sunday) is a day for prayer for all the dead including those who are not yet in heaven and may be in Purgatory on their way there. In some countries the Catholic church also refers to All Souls' Day as the Day of the Dead.
Allhallowtide is the combined festival consisting of all three days.
The Church of England, like many protestant denominations, does not have the same doctrines around Purgatory but does pray for the dead on All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day
without making the same theological distinction between the two.
Most human cultures have had some sort of celebration to mark both Solstices and both equinoxes -even if it's only fiddling with our clocks to change between British Summer Time and Greenwich Mean Time (although now we mostly use phones to tell the time and they change automatically). Most cultures have also had some form of commemoration of the dead.
I am not sure I still buy into that "The Catholics set it up this way to sabotage the pagans" narrative but I do think that elements of both have entered into the peculiar modern tradition of Halloween.
The biggest shame is that over the past 30 years we have ditched the traditional British "Penny for the Guy" for an unfortunate imported version of the American "Trick or Treat" practice. In the USA it's only very small children who take part in "Trick or Treat" with their parents or older siblings watching from a safe distance so it doesn't have the appearance, as it often can in this country when teenagers call on pensioners, of demanding money with menaces.
To anyone reading this who is remembering loved ones who have died over the next three days, I will remember both you and your loved ones in my prayers.
("All Souls' Day" / Day of the Dead by William-Adolphe Bouguereau)
In terms of pagan rites, there was indeed an ancient Celtic festival marking the Autumn equinox, on 1st November, known as Samhain.
To strict Catholics, who do not believe that most of those who eventually get to Heaven can go straight there, having to go through a process called "Purgatory" first, Halloween was a vigil before the main feasts of All Saints' Day on 1st November, when the saints in heaven are commemorated, and All Souls' Day, usually on 2nd November (in some countries and traditions it is put back a day to Monday 3rd November on years like the current one, 2025, when the second day in November is a Sunday) is a day for prayer for all the dead including those who are not yet in heaven and may be in Purgatory on their way there. In some countries the Catholic church also refers to All Souls' Day as the Day of the Dead.
Allhallowtide is the combined festival consisting of all three days.
The Church of England, like many protestant denominations, does not have the same doctrines around Purgatory but does pray for the dead on All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day
without making the same theological distinction between the two.
Most human cultures have had some sort of celebration to mark both Solstices and both equinoxes -even if it's only fiddling with our clocks to change between British Summer Time and Greenwich Mean Time (although now we mostly use phones to tell the time and they change automatically). Most cultures have also had some form of commemoration of the dead.
I am not sure I still buy into that "The Catholics set it up this way to sabotage the pagans" narrative but I do think that elements of both have entered into the peculiar modern tradition of Halloween.
The biggest shame is that over the past 30 years we have ditched the traditional British "Penny for the Guy" for an unfortunate imported version of the American "Trick or Treat" practice. In the USA it's only very small children who take part in "Trick or Treat" with their parents or older siblings watching from a safe distance so it doesn't have the appearance, as it often can in this country when teenagers call on pensioners, of demanding money with menaces.
To anyone reading this who is remembering loved ones who have died over the next three days, I will remember both you and your loved ones in my prayers.
("All Souls' Day" / Day of the Dead by William-Adolphe Bouguereau)
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